The Epidemic Of Hiv / Aids - 1306 Words

One of the most known and feared viruses in the world today is HIV/AIDS. To fully understand on why HIV/AIDS is so deadly, we need to first understand and breakdown on what this virus exactly is. HIV is an acronym that stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Human means that only humans can be infected by this virus. Immunodeficiency means that this virus attacks and weakens your immune system to the point where your immune system can no longer protect your body. Virus means that it can only reproduce itself by taking over a cell in the body of a host. The main cells that are being attacked by the HIV virus are called the T-cells or CD4 cells. The T-cell is a type of white blood cell that plays a huge role in fighting and protecting the body against infections. What the HIV virus does is that it will start to attack your T cells one by one and will use these cells to make more copies of itself. This will result in the destruction of the T-cells. Overtime when the HIV Virus attacks more and more T-Cells, the virus will have killed so many that your body will no longer be able to fight against infections and diseases. When this happens overtime, the HIV virus will sooner or later become AIDS. The HIV virus has three stages of infection. The first stage is called Acute Infection. This is the beginning stage when the large amounts of the virus are starting to produce into your body. As a result within the first 2-4 weeks you begin to have flu like symptoms. ThisShow MoreRelatedThe Epidemic Of Hiv And Aids1535 Words   |  7 Pagespopulation include providing access to health care, HIV testing and syringe services programs. The Office of HIV Planning in Philadelphia focuses on the needs of the population, conducts community outreaches and educational sessions. As previously stated, 32 state Medicaid programs reimburse for routine HIV screening of adults aged 15-65 years, regardless of risk. This policy allows for individuals to more likely participate in this screening process. HIV testing can be done through health care professionalsRead MoreThe Hiv / Aids Epidemic1650 Words   |  7 PagesThe HIV/AIDS epidemic poses a major concern for global health. There are approximately 36.7 million people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide (WHO, 2017). Due to the increased phenomenon of global migration and movement we see a proportion of individuals who are HIV positive migrating. In Canada alone, over 300,000 new immigrants were welcomed into the country in 2016 (CIC; Globe And Mail, 2016). As a result we can infer that certain proportion out of all immigration applicants into Canada were HIV positiveRead MoreThe Hiv / Aids Epidemic1848 Words   |  8 Pagesreduce its high rates of HIV/AIDS prevalence in the face of low socioeconomic development and declining Gross National Income (GNI) per capita because its existing NGO-based system for HIV/AIDS prevention was scaled up through international technical and financial assistance. The two leading NGOs in this effort, Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi’s Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO) and Partners in Health (PIH), were created at the onset of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the early 1980s, butRead MoreThe Hiv / Aids Epidemic1072 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst HIV/AIDS (Country and Lending Groups, n.d.). They have one of the highest prevalence rates of HIV/AIDS in the world at 19. 1%, and the incidence of new cases is increasing steadily (Milan, 2014; CIA, n.d.). To combat this growing problem President Jacob Zuma launched the largest HIV Counseling and Testing campaign in the world in April 2010 (â€Å"Global AIDS†, 2012). In the same year, the country also achieved a significant reduction in the price of antiretroviral medicines (ARVs) (â€Å"Global AIDS†, 2012)Read MoreThe Hiv / Aids Epidemic2082 Words   |  9 Pages The United States has been fixated on its mission to abolish the sex industry since the start of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the 1980s. George W. Bush and Congress created the United States Leadership against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 with the intention of funding beneficial programs furthering the research and accessibility of HIV/AIDS treatment. (Middleberg, 2006). The beneficiaries of this funding must show their opposition towards prostitution and sex trafficking in orderRead MoreThe Hiv / Aids Epidemic34 53 Words   |  14 PagesGlobally, there is good news. In 2011 the World Health Organization (WHO) claimed that the HIV/AIDs epidemic was declining in their â€Å"Global HIV/AIDS Response† progress report (Progress Report 2011). Each continent and region, however, showed different changes in their rates of HIV/AIDS (Progress Report 2011). In North America, and specifically in the United States, the incidence of HIV has been constant for the past several years (Progress Report 2011). Despite the stability of this disease,Read MoreThe Epidemic Of Hiv / Aids2413 Words   |  10 Pagesworld issues. In 1980, news papers, highlighted the onset of an epidemic, one that would create fear, isolation, bias and discrimination. The HIV virus took the public by disbelief, one of the main tribulations with HIV disease was that there was no concrete evidence that determined its transmission. Many Semantic variations such as gay mans disease created biases and discrimination toward thi s population (CITE). The onset of HIV/AIDS virus also created a devastating impact on healthcare professionalsRead MoreHiv / Aids Epidemic : A Huge Epidemic1314 Words   |  6 PagesHIV/Aids Epidemic HIV/AIDs is a huge epidemic still plaguing society today. The lack of knowledge and technical advances has caused an increasing number of cases. It has made its way around the world since the 1940s, causing countries to join together in the fight against AIDs. With all the campaigning that has been done the numbers of cases continue to rise. Countries have separated the disease into three patterns to make it easier to distinguish the effects that AIDs has on different regions ofRead MoreShould The Hiv / Aids Epidemic?918 Words   |  4 PagesShould the HIV/AIDs epidemic in Africa be described as a feminist issue? With higher transmission rates concentrated among African women, and the vast majority of new mother-child transmissions occurring within African countries, HIV seemingly fits into the scope of feminist concerns. As described in Oppong and Kalipeni’s contribution to Kalipeni, et.al.’s HIV AIDS in African: Beyond Epidemiology, the consistent classifying of th e HIV/AIDS epidemic as being the direct result of distinct AfricanRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Hiv / Aids Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagessyndrome (AIDS). Another two years would pass before scientists were able to isolate the retrovirus that causes AIDS, which in 1984 was termed human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). Although a successful discovery, in the absence of a proven treatment, HIV and AIDS had free rein in which to leave in its wake a global path of fear, illness, and death. To understand the totality of HIV/AIDS, consider the following. Since the onset of the pandemic more than 70 million people have been infected with HIV, 35

Film Noir A Style Spanning Genres Essay - 1016 Words

The classification and cataloging of items seem to fulfill a basic need in human beings, whether it is vegetable, mineral or animal. It seems that this basic need to analyze and categorize items applies also to objets d’art, including film – and the recognition or dismissal of film noir as a genre has been argued since the term was coined. While the term itself is valid, film noir as a genre is a misnomer. More properly, film noir should be considered a style unto itself, but definitively not genre, defined by the very definitions of the words â€Å"style† and â€Å"genre†. We will limit our subject matter here to the classic film noir period of 1941-1958, recognizing that all modern noir variants seek to emulate this period. These modern†¦show more content†¦While there is no decisive list of these films, and critics tend to add or remove films from their own personal lists of films noir, those that are commonly classified as such share a co mmon theme perhaps best described by Paul Schrader in his 1972 â€Å"Note on Film Noir†: There is a passion for the past and present, but a fear of the future. The noir hero dreads to look ahead, but instead tries to survive by the day, and if unsuccessful at that, he retreats into the past. Thus film noir’s techniques emphasize loss, nostalgia, lack of clear priorities, insecurity; then submerge these self-doubts in mannerism and style. In such a world style becomes paramount; it is all that separates one from meaninglessness†¦. (5) This moral ambivalence and relentless cynicism, the overall tone of hopelessness and bleakness is one of the defining features of this class of films. Mark Conard, in â€Å"Philosophy of Film Noir†, references critics Raymond Borde and Étienne Chaumeton as defining noir as a film which creates a state of tension by removing psychological reference points, in order to create a feeling of alienation (34). This illustrates that the earliest critics who began to define the body of films noir placed emphasis on mood and tone, rather than subject material. Nathaniel Rich identifies this tone as dread, stating that it is â€Å"The sense that everything is going to go badly, no matter what happens, and it’s usually goingShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesinto India. The second chapter of this strugg le, which produced the country of Bangladesh in 1971, drove 8–10 million Hindus into India. The process of ending French rule in Algeria (1954–1962) uprooted 2 million Algerians and pushed 1 million Pied-Noirs across the Mediterranean. Decolonization in sub-Saharan Africa was followed by the exodus of tens of thousands of French, English, and Portuguese residents, the expulsion of some 80,000 Indians, and the flight of millions of members of African ethnic

Regulating Electronic Cigarettes Electronic Cigarette

Cerro Scherer and Tanner Abourezk Mrs. Houseberg Sophomore english 5 February 2015 Regulating Electronic cigarettes Electronic cigarettes, also known as e-cigs or vape pens are so often negatively looked upon as sources of addiction, rather than the health cigarette substitute they really are. E-cigarettes allow the delivery of nicotine to the blood without the nasty side effects caused by tars and carcinogens in traditional cigarettes. The electronic cigarette was patented by Herbert A. Gilbert in 1963, who lived in a society where smoking was generally accepted or even the norm but he saw the dangers of smoking tobacco and was one of the first to try to innovate alternate intake methods. 40 years later Han Lik, a chinese businessman, began to further expand on Herbert A. Gilberts idea of delivery of nicotine without the plethora of harmful chemicals in a lit cigarette. An electronic cigarette is a battery powered device often designed to look like a regular cigarette, inside the e-cig is an atomizer which heats up a liquid containing nicotine. When heated up the liquid becomes a vapor that can be inhaled, similar to cigarette smoke. The FDA (Federal Drug Agency) wants to regulate the sale and advertisement of e-cigs and require manufacturers to acquire an expensive medical license. If these regulations were put into place and enforced it would limit innovation and stifle innovation. Many of the e-cig companies are small or medium sized and family owned and ifShow MoreRelatedUsing Vaporizing Pens Are Becoming A Very Popular Trend Essay1330 Words   |  6 PagesThough still awaiting FDA approval, the electronic cigarette, or e-cigarette, is growing popularity among those attempting to quit smoking. Young people are using vaporizing pens as a â€Å"safe alternative† to smoking. This issue needs to be addressed. Vaping is a lot more convenient than smoking traditional cigarettes. At a push of a button nicotine is being released. There also aren’t any laws or regulations on vapor pens like there are for traditional cigarettes. Vape pens also aren’t being used forRead MoreElectronic Cigarettes Should Be Legal1444 Words   |  6 PagesElectronic cigarettes are designed to replicate cigarettes without the smoke, tobacco, and tar. Although smokers enjoy the electronic version of a cigarette, many non-smokers are not too fond of being around one. These devices provide nicotine to the user by converting a liquid mixture to an aerosol, usually composed of propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, flavored chemicals, and a varying amount of nicotine (Grana). Electronic cigarettes have caused a major debate among doctors, smokers, andRead MoreEffective Smoking Cessation Tool Or A New Way For Children1742 Words   |  7 PagesNeed E-Cigarette Health Policy. Jennifer A. Sibley, RN, BSN University of Florida â€Æ' Effective Smoking Cessation Tool or A New Way for Children to be Introduced to Nicotine? Why We Need E-Cigarette Health Policy. Background and Significance Electronic cigarettes, also known as e-cigarettes, were invented in 2004 by Chinese pharmacist Hon Lik following his father’s death from lung cancer (CASAA, 2012). With the intention of offering a safer alternative to traditional tobacco, e-cigarettes quicklyRead MoreElectronic Cigarettes: The Alternative Way to Smoke Essays1191 Words   |  5 PagesElectronic Cigarettes: The Alternative Way to Smoke Once again man is faced with the age old question to smoke or not to smoke. Today, I feel that isn’t the question that faces man. The question should be why smoke when one could vape? The use of battery-powered electronic cigarettes is growing across Europe and the United States because they allow users to inhale nicotine vapor without also ingesting tar and other cancer-causing substances present in traditional cigarettes (par. 2). Health expertsRead MoreThe Rising Popularity Of E Cigarettes2721 Words   |  11 PagesThe Rising Popularity of E-Cigarettes One of my first memories in the United States was taking a Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E) class. I was in sixth grade and a top student, as talking about drugs and alcohol and the way they affect us was fascinating to me. This is why, the following year, I volunteered to become a peer educator in Teens Against Tobacco Use (T.A.T.U). For a couple of years, I gave presentations to young students which included facts, demonstrations, and games, to spreadRead MoreSmoking Is The Single Highest Cause Preventable Death2515 Words   |  11 Pagesand 42.7 percent of smokers stopped smoking for more than one day in an effort to quit (CDC, 2011). This lack of success in quitting might be because the physical traits of smoking are unaddressed with current Nicotine Replacement Therapies (NRT). Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) can potentially be beneficial because they have the same physical feel as smoking due to the hand-to-mouth motions and exhalation of vapor resembling smoke (Farsalinos, Romagna, Tsiapras, Kyrzopoulos Voudris, 2013)Read MoreSmoking Tobacco Products and Electronic-cigarettes1358 Words   |  6 Pagespublic places, has paved the way for a new technologically advanced way to smoke. The electronic cigarette became widespread in the United States in 2008. Since then, their popularity and criticism have skyrocketed. It smokes and gives the user the same fix of nicotine as a regular cigarette. â€Å"E-cigs heat liquid nicotine into an inhaled vapor, dissipating faster than cigarette smoke (Burritt).† Electronic Cigarettes are currently unregulated and are becoming increasingly popular with an expected 1Read MoreElectronic Cigarettes : Research Paper1236 Words   |  5 PagesElectronic cigarettes Guerrier, Ingrid Capstone research paper Mrs.layzell Mrs.Mella 1-10-16 Abstract Electronic cigarettes have been around for about a decade. No one is sure of what havoc they can cause yet because of how new they are in existence. Throughout the past years more and more issues have been arising from this product that was originally assumed to be harmless. Now we are faced with the question are they really as safe as we thought or should increase investigation to see whatRead MorePolicy Position For Electronic Cigarettes Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesPolicy Position for Electronic Cigarettes in Public Area Electronic cigarettes, which are commonly known as e-cigarettes, can be described as battery-powered devices that are packed with liquid nicotine. The liquid nicotine is a highly addictive chemical which is dissolved in a combination of propylene glycol and water. These devices are usually designed in a way that they look like real cigarettes and are availed in different colors such as brown filter, cylindrical tube, and red-glowing tipRead MoreThe Effects Of E Cigarettes On The Health Organization1503 Words   |  7 Pagesalternatives; the highest in demand being the electronic cigarette or e-cigarette. E-cigarettes are battery-powered devices that create a vapor mist from a heated liquid solution when the user inhales on a mouthpiece (Wagaman). As of their creation in 2006, a growing number of people are taking up â€Å"vaping† instead of smoking, resulting in an industry worth $2.7 billion worldwide (Senthilingam). Although the product is healthier than the traditional tobacco cigarette, there are many defects that keep it from

Falling Oil Price and its Impact

Question: Discuss about a Essayt on Falling Oil Price and its Impact on AS curve of Oil Importing Nations? Answer: Introduction: Falling oil price is a critical problem for todays world economy, and it drastically raises the aggregate supply of countries that import oil from exporting countries. From 2010, oil price had been more or less stable but since November 2014 it has reduced significantly because of its decreasing demand in the world market. As a result, the oil price reduces below the previous level of price. Except the demand factor, there are various causes that play a key role in decreasing oil price such as the rise of US economy as a shale producer in the market. Organization of Petroleum and Oil Exporting Countries (OPEC), an Organization that controls the world oil price in the global market and established on the 1970s. This organization can produce oil at a minimum cost of production as the countries have plenty of oil resources. So these countries jointly have the monopoly power in the market to control price and supply in the world market. Large scale industries in oil importing countries depend on the petroleum oil that is the important raw material for production. The expense of production of these importing nations depends on the importing oil price and this cost changes with a change in oil price and global market. The oil price has reduced by near around 36% since June 2014, and the new price is $70 per oil barrel that was near around $115 per barrel in the previous period. Oil price is determined by the market forces that affect the positions of supply and demand for oil in the global market. Inflation in UK has fallen to 1.25% for this decline in the oil price. Causes behind the declining oil price: It is explained by the experts that the main cause of this decline in oil price is increasing demand for eco-friendly fuel resources as these resources do not create pollutions in the environment. So investments in renewable resources are rising significantly than the non-renewable resources like oil results in a decrease in oil demand in the global market (THE MONTH IN BRIEF, 2015). The rise of US economy as a producer of shale oil is the important cause of declining oil price. This does not increase the supply of oil in the global market as US economy does not produce oil for export purpose but fulfilling countries' domestic demand for oil. So this effect reduces the significant portion of demand for oil in the world market (SIIRDE, 2015). It is explained by some renowned economists that worlds greatest oil producer, Saudi Arabia, ride out reduced oil prices for not to lose customers to their biggest competitors. This decision can help Saudi for maintaining its customer base in the world market. Saudi Arabia has a lot of oil resources so it can absorb the inverse impacts of declining oil price (FOCUS: Saudi Arabia struggles to defend market share in Asia, 2015). It has accumulated billions of foreign reserves that cause its production expense low. Some of Oil exporting nations support for the decline in oil price as it believes that low oil price discourages the production of shale oil. Production expense of shale oil is expensive compared to fossil fuel (The IMF Blog, 2014). During 2014, many Asian countries like India, China, etc. were suffering from a recession that causes the economic downturn. Aggregate demand in those countries has decreased due to this recession that indirectly affects the demand for importing oil from OPEC. This is considered as an important reason for the decline in oil price as these countries create a huge demand for oil in the global market. Demand for crude oil affected by the increasing value i.e. appreciation of US dollar (Azar, 2015). Oil is mainly imported and exported in US dollar across the globe. So when the value of dollar increases then it will be difficult to trade oil for some countries those have lower valued currency than the dollar. So it pulls down the demand curve of oil, which results in lower oil price (Azar, 2013). All these reasons indirectly encourage many countries to find better substitutes for oil that affects the oil price in the world market. The short term effect on the AS curve of importing countries: Factor productivity in any industry increases due to change in the oil price. When input cost of oil production decreases, it will raise the economies of scale in the production that means more output can be produced at the same cost. Decline in oil price has a positive impact on the production of oil importing nations. The so aggregate supply of those countries increases as a result people of those nations have more commodities to consume (Pierru and Matar, 2014). Oil base production units have more opportunities to produce products and to supply in the market that result in an increase in aggregate supply in the market Diagram 1: Effect on the Aggregate Supply Curve of Importing Nations In the above diagram, ASold is the previous aggregate supply curve that shifts rightward when there is an increment in the production of those importing nations. As a result, price level decreases from P01 to P11 and real output increases from Q01 to Q11. Whereas ADold is the aggregate demand curve. Prices of alternative energy resources are reduced because of substitution effect of the declining oil price otherwise total sale of these resources will decline. The important beneficiaries are agricultural sectors, manufacturing industries, etc. So the total supply of those nations increases as a result people have more commodities to consume (Mean et al, 2015). The real income of importing nations increases due to this declining oil price. Total supply increases, so AS curve shifts rightward. As a result price level decreases and real output increases. So people of these importing nations feel wealthier because of this falling price, without an increment in money income. Real income is monetary income divided by price level. When denominator (price) reduces, it is obvious that real income decreases. Marginal propensity to expend increases i.e. people are ready to spend more income on their expenditure bundle. This brings opportunities to expend rather than to save. It is just like a tax cut to the consumers of importing nations (Yoshizaki and Hamori, 2013). Declining oil price causes lower price level that result in higher living standards. The import value of importing nations reduces that eventually decreases the deficits in the current account. Declining oil price decreases the expected inflation level far below the targeted inflation level (Yoshizaki and Hamori, 2013). It is recognized that 10% decline in oil price raises the growth by 0.5% of the oil importing nations. So there is a negative correlation between the growth of a nation and price of oil in the world market. After the reduction in oil price UK economy is growing more than at a rate of 2.5% that is expected in November (Economicshelp.org, 2014). Declining oil price has the power to reduce the business-related transportation costs and living standard also increases in these countries. This falling oil price decreases the cost of production that eventually increases the investment in these energy-based resources(Pierru and Matar, 2014). Other impacts: Declining oil price decreases the prices of alternative renewable resources by substitution effect that result in a reduction of profits of those producers. These energy saving producers are now unable to supply resources at a lower price and forces them to go out of the business. A fall in the price of oil discourages other investments in other energy sources that are technology based and more eco-friendly viz. It encourages people for not to use electric cars. Lower oil price encourages people to use more cars in the market that directly affects the environment by polluting the air with increasing traffic congestions (Critchlow, 2015). Long term impact: There is a difference between short term and long term effects of falling price of oil. Mild rate of inflation in any economy is healthy for production purpose. At recent years, the alarming danger in EU countries is the attack of deflation that discourages production and employment in any country. It is found that there is a slide towards deflation because of declining oil price. Deflation creates a huge burden of debt to these nations that are difficult to mitigate. So people are ready to save for future rather than to spend that makes it a real possibility (Murthy, 2015). Conclusion: In mid-2014, oil price reduces more than 31% that raises the aggregate supply of importing nations. Many reasons are there for this shortfall in the price of oil. The increasing value of US dollar discourages many lower developed countries for a reduction in the consumption of oil. The rise of US economy as a shale oil producer is another factor that plays a major role in the falling price of oil. Declining oil price encourages various producer of oil importing nations to increase production. In the short run, lower oil price encourages lower inflation rate and lower price level. In the long run, the picture is totally different as lower inflation rate may bring fear of deflation that inversely affects the production and employment. So it is clear from the above passage that shortfall in oil price has both negative and positive effects depending on the period. References: Azar, S. (2013). Oil prices, US inflation, US money supply and the US dollar. OPEC Energy Review, 37(4), pp.387-415. Azar, S. (2015). The Relation of the US Dollar with Oil Prices, Gold Prices, and the US Stock Market. RWE, 6(1). Critchlow, A. (2015). Falling oil price a curse, not a tax cut, for British economy?. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/11373208/Falling-oil-price-a-curse-not-a-tax-cut-for-British-economy.html [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Economicshelp.org, (2014). Impact of falling oil prices | Economics Help. [online] Available at: https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/11738/oil/impact-of-falling-oil-prices/ [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. FOCUS: Saudi Arabia struggles to defend market share in Asia. (2015). Oil and Energy Trends, 40(3), pp.4-7. iMFdirect - The IMF Blog, (2014). Seven Questions About The Recent Oil Price Slump. [online] Available at: https://blog-imfdirect.imf.org/2014/12/22/seven-questions-about-the-recent-oil-price-slump/ [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Means, E., Wynveen, J. and Fann, J. (2015). The Sky is Falling - Again: Oil Price: Biggest Factor Affecting the Industry. The Way Ahead, 11(02), pp.18-20. Murthy, I. (2015). Macroeconomic Determinants of Crude Oil Price: Evidence of Long-Run Relationship. IIMS Jrnl. Mgmt. Sci., 6(1), p.42. Pierru, A. and Matar, W. (2014). The Impact of Oil Price Volatility on Welfare in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Implications for Public Investment Decision-making. EJ, 35(2). SIIRDE, A. (2015). EDITORS PAGE. OIL SHALE RELATED FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT. Oil Shale, 32(1), p.1. THE MONTH IN BRIEF: Prices continue falling, no oil policy change from new Saudi king, and EU considers sanctions on Libya. (2015). Oil and Energy Trends, 40(2), pp.6-6. Yoshizaki, Y. and Hamori, S. (2013). On the Influence of Oil Price Shocks on Economic Activity, Inflation, and Exchange Rates. International Journal of Financial Research, 4(2).